Manipur Police

FSL

FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY

Manipur, Pangei

HISTORY 

Before setting up of a Forensic Science Laboratory at Pangei, case exhibits were referred to institutes like Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Calcutta and State Forensic Science Laboratory, Guwahati for examination and report. In view of this difficulty, the Govt. of Manipur established a Forensic Science Laboratory which started functioning from 31st January 1989. More Divisions of this Laboratory became functional by commissioning the first floor of the building on 19th October 1992, the Centenary Day of Manipur Police. 

LOCATION 

Forensic Science Laboratory is located at Pangei, which is about 10 kms to the north from Imphal, adjacent to the campus of the Manipur Police Training School, on the eastern side of the main road. 

WHY FORENSIC SCIENCE 

Forensic Science is a branch of science which deals with crime, criminals and the law. The basic scientific principles like physics, chemistry, biology, etc. are technically applied for the administration of law under the common banner of Forensic Science. It is a multi-disciplinary subject studying various types of material evidence, which could in some way or the other, be related to a crime. 

“No crime could be perfect”, criminals always leave some clues at the scene of crime or with the victim. At the same time, they always carry some traces of the crime with them. The investigating team or the expert collects these clues, and examine them at the Forensic Science Laboratory to confirm linkages between the crime and the criminal(s). 

Forensic Science helps investigation of crime by :- 

ORGANISATIONAL CHART

STAFF STRENGTH

Sl. No. Particulars No. of Post Vacancy
1 Director 1 0
2 Joint Director 1 1
3 Scientific Officer 7 0
4 Scientific Assistant 14 12
5 Laboratory Assistant 6 6
6 Laboratory Attendant 1 1
7 Attendant 2 2
8 Viscera cutter 1 1
9 Dark Room Attendant 1 1
10 Store Superintendant 1 0
11 Store Keeper 1 1
12 Driver 2 0
13 Steno 1 0
14 U.D.C. 1 0
15 L.D.C. 1 0
16 Peon 2 0
Total 43 25

MAJOR EQUIPMENT ITEMS AVAILABLE

 

  

Accelerated solvent extraction system

High performance liquid chromatography

 

Gas chromatograph with Head Space Analyser
   

Research Microscope

 

Zoom Stereomicroscope

 

UV Visible Spectrophotometer
 
Microtome
 
Ultrapure Water Purification System
 
Comparison Microscope

DIVISIONS & SERVICES  

BIOLOGY/SEROLOGY DIVISION 

Violent crimes like murder, rape, accidents, suicides, sexual murders, etc. are always accompanied by different types of physical evidences.   This Division deals with these material evidences of biological origin, e.g. blood, semen, hair, saliva, bones, fibres, meat and fleshes and other animal and plant tissues, which are suspected to be related to a crime.   This Division started functioning from 18th April 1994.  

 FUNCTIONS  

BALLISTICS DIVISION

This Division analyses various firearms and ammunition, explosives and weapons of offence, gunshot residues, gunshot holes, etc. encountered in different types of crimes like shooting, homicides, terror-related crimes, etc. Vehicles with forged engine and chassis numbers are also examined in this Division.   This Division started functioning from 19th October 1992.   

 FUNCTIONS  

CHEMISTRY DIVISION

This Division analyses illicit liquor, petroleum products, spurious gold, minerals and different chemicals encountered in crimes. Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances like opium, heroin, ganja, hashis, etc. This Division started functioning since 10th April 1990.  

FUNCTIONS  

DOCUMENTS DIVISION

  Examination of forged documents like signatures, handwritings, currency notes, bank drafts, seals and stamps, typewriting, lottery tickets are carried out in this Division.  

FUNCTIONS  

PHOTOGRAPHY DIVISION  

Forensic photography is a kind of photography, which is mainly related to the scientific investigation purposes. There are three types of forensic photography, such as macro photography, photomicrography and microphotography. The difference between photography and forensic photography is that in forensic photography different lightning conditions, such as transmitted light, side light, oblique light, direct light, UV light and infra-red light, are used for different scientific applications. Sharp-image with accurate presentation is the main aim and object of forensic photography.   The Photography Division has been functioning since 20th October 2000  

FUNCTIONS  

The main function of Photography Section is to take photographs of exhibits, crime scenes, physical clues available in crime spot for record and production in the court of law and sketching of the scene of crime.  

In the Forensic Photography Dvision, special photographic techniques,  such as macro photography, microphotography and finger print photography, are carried out. Enhancement of lightening conditions according to the weather condition can be upgraded using different photography filters. For scientific investigation, maximum close–up shots can be shot using “BELLOW”. Photograph of direct light, side light, oblique light ultra violet light, etc can be shot and print in the laboratory. Digital photography and printing can be performed in the photography section.  

FORENSIC SCIENCE AND INVESTIGATION  

Forensic Science helps investigation by  

MOBILE FORENSIC UNIT (CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION) 

Photograph showing the blast effect in Khuman Lampak Stadium Complex  

The scientific staff of Forensic Science Laboratory not only examine cases in the laboratory, but they are also engaged in rendering scientific aids in crime investigation at the crime spot, to guide the investigating officers for proper collection, presentation and forwarding of the physical evidences for further analysis at the laboratory. Such works were done earlier by Scientific staff from different division. With the introduction of Mobile Forensic Unit with dedicated staffs, crime scene investigation has become much more effective. This unit started functioning since 4th November 2011. Now, services of Mobile Forensic Unit are available round-the-clock. Mobile Forensic Unit is submitting detail crime scene investigation reports which include a lot of information to the I.Os. enabling them to continue further investigation in the right direction. It also submits photographs, sketches and reconstructions which make investigators and legal authorities to understand better about the actual occurrence of the crime. 

TOXICOLOGY DIVISION

Toxicology is a science which deals with the study of toxic effect of a substance. Traditionally, toxicology is defined as the science embodying the knowledge,  source, character, fatal effect, lethal dose, analysis of poisons and the remedial measures. And a poison is defined as the substance which is capable of producing detrimental effects on a living organism. The professional activities of toxicologists fall into four main categories, i.e. forensic, industrial, clinical and environmental toxicology. Forensic Toxicology emerged as the hybrid of analytical chemistry and toxic principal effect and are also primarily concerned with medico-legal aspects of harmful effects of chemical on humans and animals. 

FUNCTIONS

Detection of  

1. Noxious gases-carbon monoxide(co), carbon dioxide(CO2), chlorine(Cl2), ammonia, nitrous oxide, tear gas (chloroacetophenone), etc.  
  a) Volatile inorganic-cyanide ,arsine, isocyanide, phorphine.
  b) Volatile organic-methanol, ethanol, chloroform formaldehyde, etc.
2. a) Non-volatile inorganic 
      i) Anions-nitrite, cyanide, dichromate, sulphide, etc.
     ii) Cations-arsenic, lead, antimony, copper, zinc, etc.
  b) Non –volatile organic neutral compounds-pesticides like organophosphorous, organochloro, carbamates, etc.
  c) Non-volatile organic acidic compound-acidic drugs like barbiturates, salicylates, etc.
  d) Non-volatile organic alkaline compounds-alkaloids, benzodiazepines, etc.
3. Plants poisons-dhatura, oleander, nux vomica, aconite, etc.
4. Miscellaneous poisons:  
  a) Mechanical-glass powder, chopped hair, etc.
  b) Food poisons
  c) Animal poisons

SCIENTIFIC STAFF  

The Laboratory has a limited, though well-qualified, staff of senior and junior scientists, who are utilized in case-analysis work, research projects, mobile-crime-spot investigations and other academic works like delivering lectures for the police trainees, attending seminars and conferences, etc. All the scientists were trained at the National Institutions like the Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan (LNJN) Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science at Delhi, Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) Kolkata, Chandigarh, Hydrabad, FSL Delhi, Guwahati etc.  

EXAMINATION OF CASES  

 This Laboratory examines those cases referred by Manipur State and other neighbouring states. Approximately, 230 cases are examined per year in this Laboratory.  

 Below are details pertaining to receipt and disposal of cases during the last 5 years.  

BIOLOGY DIVISION  

Year Received Disposed
2009 22 22
2010 18 13
2011  27 25
2012 48 48
2013 69 77

BALLISTICS DIVISION 

Year Received Disposed
2009 148 65
2010 137 62
2011  175 77
2012 373 82
2013 285 75

CHEMISTRY DIVISION 

Year Received Disposed
2009 20 20
2010 45 30
2011  81 61
2012 125 62
2013 127 102

DOCUMENT DIVISION 

Year Received Disposed
2009 32 23
2010 19 18
2011  14 17
2012 30 19
2013 18 25

MOBILE FORENSIC UNIT

Year No. of Scene visited
2009 06
2010 02
2011  15
2012 30
2013 43

Scientists in this Laboratory not only undertake analytical works, but also render expert evidences in the court of law, whenever a trial is conducted for a particular case. 

RESEARCH PROJECT  

 Forensic Science Laboratory, Pangei has been declared as a research center for scholars to pursue Ph. D degree vide Govt. of Manipur order No. 9 (12)/25/85-H dated 10-04-1989.  

 So far two research projects viz "On the determination of body measurement of victims during firing" funded by the Directorate of Forensic Science, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi and “Study of muzzle height variation in shooting cases’ funded by Directorate of Science & Technology and IT, Government of Manipur had been completed. These projects will benefit in Forensic Firearm and shooting investigations.  

TRAINING CONDUCTED  

Training of I.Os in real Scene of Crime 

Training of I.Os in simulated Scene of Crime 

Hon'ble Home Minister Shri Gaikhangam sets eyes on an Expert Report 
NABL Quality consultant Shri S. K. Chaudhuri makes a powerpoint presentation 

FSL has been conducting training programmes for Investigating and Judicial Officers in this laboratory on different topics of scientific aids to criminal investigation.  

IMPORTANT POINTS FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION  

FSL conducts Forensic Science Awareness Programme like exhibition every year, during the month of January, for the general public and students.  

AN APPEAL  

Crime scene is the most important place for finding evidence(s) and clues which link the crime and criminal(s) and is the backbone of criminal investigation.  

In the interest of scientific investigation, the scene of crime must be protected, preserved and should not be disturbed till the arrival of the police and forensic expert(s).  

 

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